ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms , East Asian People , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , ChinaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Low handgrip strength (HS) and declining gait speed (GS) are increasingly obvious with aging, requiring effective, and safe medication for treatment. Trimetazidine (TMZ) modified release tablets, a common anti-angina drug, has potential benefits for alleviating the condition, but this has not yet been fully studied and therefore is the aim of this study.@*METHODS@#This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Fifty-eight eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups: TMZ group or control group. For the TMZ group, a dose of 35 mg of oral TMZ will be administered with a meal twice a day for 3 months, in addition to any conventional treatments for angina. Only conventional treatments for angina will be administrated in the control group. The primary outcome will be the 6-min walking distance and the secondary outcomes will be: muscle strength (HS and pinch strength), GS, muscle endurance (five times sit-to-stand test), balance maintenance (tandem standing test), and the frequency of angina per week. Additionally, body mass index, circumferences (biceps, waist, hip, and calf), albumin levels, and the score on a five-question scale for sarcopenia will be obtained during the study.@*DISCUSSION@#This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of TMZ in a population with poor muscle function. The results may provide an effective and safe medical treatment to people with low muscle strength or physical performance.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015000; www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25445.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angina, Stable , Drug Therapy , Muscle, Skeletal , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Trimetazidine , Therapeutic Uses , Vasodilator Agents , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Background@#Low handgrip strength (HS) and declining gait speed (GS) are increasingly obvious with aging, requiring effective, and safe medication for treatment. Trimetazidine (TMZ) modified release tablets, a common anti-angina drug, has potential benefits for alleviating the condition, but this has not yet been fully studied and therefore is the aim of this study.@*Methods@#This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Fifty-eight eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups: TMZ group or control group. For the TMZ group, a dose of 35 mg of oral TMZ will be administered with a meal twice a day for 3 months, in addition to any conventional treatments for angina. Only conventional treatments for angina will be administrated in the control group. The primary outcome will be the 6-min walking distance and the secondary outcomes will be: muscle strength (HS and pinch strength), GS, muscle endurance (five times sit-to-stand test), balance maintenance (tandem standing test), and the frequency of angina per week. Additionally, body mass index, circumferences (biceps, waist, hip, and calf), albumin levels, and the score on a five-question scale for sarcopenia will be obtained during the study.@*Discussion@#This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of TMZ in a population with poor muscle function. The results may provide an effective and safe medical treatment to people with low muscle strength or physical performance.@*Trial registration@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015000; www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25445.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of Yupingfeng granule (YPF) on immune factors of the rats with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by ovalbumin(OVA). OVA 0.3 mg, Al(OH)3 30 mg and saline 1 mL were mixed and intraperitoneally injected for the initial immunization, 4% OVA 200 μg (50 μL) was given to the nose on the 15th day for the second immunization to establish the allergic rhinitis model. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into allergic rhinitis(AR) model group, Yupingfeng granule three dose (2.7,1.35,0.68 g•kg⁻¹) groups, control drug Biyankang (0.4 g•kg⁻¹) and normal control group. After 14 days, efforts were made to collect blood from abdominal aorta, and take nasopharynx tissues and fasten them into 10% formaldehyde for a pathological examination. The levels of HIS, IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α in serum were examined by radioimmunoassay, and nasal mucosa tissues were examined by HE staining. According to the results, the levels of HIS, IgE, IL-4 and TNF-α in serum of Yupingfeng granule groups were significantly lower than that of AR model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Nasal mucosa tissues showed slight morphological changes and inflammatory cell infiltration, with unobvious necrosis. Yupingfeng granule can improve the pathological changes of nasal mucosa tissues, and reduce the production and release of immune factors during allergic rhinitis (AR) process in vivo by OVA, which may be the important curative mechanism of allergic rhinitis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical application of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWAN) in lacunar cerebral infarction imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two cases of lacunar cerebral infarction, including 18 complicated by high blood pressure, 4 by type 2 diabetes and 12 by both high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, underwent examinations with SWAN and conventional MRI sequences (including GRE sequence T(1) and T(2), T(2) gradient echo, T(2) FLAIR, DWI). The imaging data were analyzed in comparison with the clinical data of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 23 patients with lacunar cerebral infarction, intracerebral micro-hemorrhage displayed point-like, round and oval low signal on SWAN. A total of 123 lesions were identified, distributing from the cortical, subcortical, basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem to the cerebellum. The conventional sequences were more sensitive in detecting the majority of lacunar cerebral infarction than SWAN, while the latter showed better performance in displaying cerebral micro-hemorrhage, tiny blood vessels and small vascular malformations as well as other small vascular diseases. SWAN was superior to other sequences in showing lacunar cerebral infarction complicated by cerebral micro-hemorrhages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI SWAN can better display lacunar cerebral infarction associated with cerebral micro-hemorrhages and small veins in the infract region. Identification of the micro-hemorrhages in lacunar cerebral infarction can be critical in determining the proper treatments. Patients with lacunar cerebral infarction are likely to have cerebral micro-hemorrhages in close relation to the number of lacunar infarction sites. The cerebral micro-hemorrhages and lacunar cerebral infraction are both signs of micro-vessel damage of the brain.</p>